Historically, seaborne EU crude oil imports from Russia originated from Urals fields via western ports in the Baltic and Black Sea (see map at bottom). More detail is offered in a methodology section, and we welcome critical feedback. In certain cases, we have consistently higher or lower estimate than other sources, which can be due to difficulties in identifying the exact cargo a ship is carrying (e.g., crude oil vs diesel) or the exact origin of oil (significant amounts of Kazakh origin crude oil leave from Russian ports). We have compiled our data from multiple sources and validated numbers against external sources, and we believe the data allows for sensible interpretation of trends over time. Our aim is to help fill in the gap by providing clear and comprehensive information on recent export volumes and routes. Timely and publicly available data on Russian oil exports is insufficient (the best effort we are aware of comes from CREA who we build upon). Remaining Russian crude oil has historically been exported by sea to the EU, China, and other countries to a lesser extent. The Druzhba pipeline system carries oil to the EU, while the ESPO pipeline carries oil to China. The two major routes for exporting crude oil are by pipeline and by oil tanker at sea. Figure 1 shows Russian average monthly crude oil exports in million tonnes for 2021. Domestically, Russia refined the remaining 290 million tonnes of which 140 million tonnes were exported as refined products (11% of global refined exports) and 150 million tonnes were consumed domestically ( BP). Of this, 260 million tonnes were exported directly as crude oil, comprising 13% of global exports. In 2021, Russia produced 540 million tonnes of crude oil, accounting for 13% of global production. We draw on a variety of sources to do so, beginning by decomposing pre-invasion crude oil exports in figure 1, and then providing monthly updates on how each export route is changing. In this dataset we focus on crude oil (not including refined oil products) exports from Russia. Consequently, the trade of Russian oil is rapidly changing. At the same time, the EU and G7 alliance, complemented by Norway, has introduced a price cap which domestic shipping and insurance services must respect when transporting Russian produce. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils gasoline, diesel and jet fuels lubricants asphalt ethane, propane, and butane and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.The EU has placed embargoes on the import by sea of almost all Russian crude oil imports, and since 5 February, refined oil imports are also included. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals 3. Lease condensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included 2. Small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators and are subsequently comingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include 1. Source: United States Energy Information AdministrationĬrude Oil Definition: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.
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